Saleem Chowdhry
UH Digestive Health Institute, USA
Title: Novel IL - 1 family members and their role in gut inflammation
Biography
Biography: Saleem Chowdhry
Abstract
In the last two decades human genome sequence analysis has helped to identify six new members of IL-1 family. IL-36 α,
β, and γ, previously known as IL-1F6, IL-1F8, and IL-1F9 respectively, these ligands bind to a heterodimeric receptor IL-
36 receptor (IL-36R, also known as "IL-1 receptor-related protein 2") and then recruit IL-1R accessory protein (IL-1RAcP)
there by activating NF-kB and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.(Dinarello et al., 2010, Towne et al., 2004)
Epithelial cells express IL-36 and recent studies suggest important inflammation regulatory role for these novel cytokines
in gut inflammation and psoriasis although there is ambiguity regarding the ability of IL-36 ligands to induce Th1, Th2 or
Th17 immune response (Towne et al., 2004, Ramadas et al., 2012, Johnston et al., 2011). Recent data suggests increased IL-
36α expression in eosinophilic esophagitis and Ulcerative colitis indicating a possible role in Th2 type immune response.
Other reports show IL-36 signaling, induce Th1 polarization of naïve CD4+ T cells (Vigne et al., 2012) and induction of
Th-17 immune response in lung disease and Psoriasis. (Gresnigt et al., 2012, Ramadas et al., 2011) IL-36 Receptor antagonist
(previously IL-1F5) and IL-38 (IL-1F10) also binds to IL-36 R and act as an antagonist for the biological activities of IL-36.
(Towne et al., 2004, van de Veerdonk et al., 2012, Dinarello et al., 2010, Blumberg et al., 2007) IL-37 (IL-1F7) is the newest
member of the IL-1 family with potent anti-inflammatory role in gut and liver. IL-37 is expressed in tonsils, skin, esophagus,
and placenta as well as carcinomas of the breast, prostate, colon, skin and lung. (Kumar et al., 2002) Mice with IL-37 expression
are protected from DSS induced colonic inflammation indicating a potential role in inflammatory bowel disease. (McNamee et
al., 2011). The novel members of IL-1 family are an area of active investigation and we anticipate new data regarding their role
in gut homeostasis and intestinal inflammation in near future, with potential therapeutic implications.